Dr Chieh Huang

This study focuses on the mechanisms through which businesses collaborate with governments to identify trade barriers. The comparative analysis examines the formal and informal mechanisms employed by the United States, the European Union, China, and Taiwan. The research aims to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of these mechanisms and provide recommendations for Taiwan based on the findings.

The investigation begins by exploring the formal mechanisms in place in each jurisdiction. Formal mechanisms generally operate under clear legal foundations and procedures, offering a path that ensures procedural justice and predictability in investigating trade barriers. However, their establishment and operation require substantial resources, including manpower, finances, and time, which may burden administrative authorities. Conversely, the study also examines the informal mechanisms that rely on negotiation and cooperation between public and private sectors. These mechanisms emphasize communication and collaboration, allowing for flexibility in addressing various situations and providing faster and more convenient solutions. Nevertheless, the informal mechanisms may face challenges related to information asymmetry, inequality, and limited participation of affected parties.

Based on the analysis, it is recommended that Taiwan considers adopting a platform similar to the European Union’s Market Access Database (MADB). This platform should facilitate convenient trade barrier investigation procedures, offer user-friendly formats such as drop-down menus and concise problem descriptions to expedite the process. These measures would enhance transparency, strengthen the legitimacy of trade policies, and foster social stability and trust between public and private sectors.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) - formerly known as One Belt, One Road (OBOR and B&R) - is a development strategy and framework. It was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013,
aiming to enhance regional connectivity and economic cooperation between East Asia, Europe, and
Africa. Modelled after the historic Silk Road, which facilitated centuries of trade and cultural
exchange between Asia and Europe, the BRI seeks to reignite these connections through a network
of infrastructure projects, including railways, highways, and maritime ports.

The notion of cybersovereignty embodies the principles of territorial integrity and non-interference with a state's digital governance akin to traditional territorial sovereignty. It asserts a state's right to demarcate and govern its digital jurisdiction. This encompasses the authority to enact cyber laws, regulate data flows, and control digital infrastructures. Furthermore, cybersovereignty underscores a commitment to fostering technological self-sufficiency, propelling states to cultivate their innovation ecosystems independently.

Cybersecurity, as an operational aspect of cybersovereignty, defends the sovereign digital territory from a myriad of cyber threats, ensuring the integrity and resilience of a nation's cyber infrastructure. Together, these principles fortify a state's digital domain, maintaining its operational sovereignty and strategic autonomy in the face of global interconnectivity.