Staff Profiles

My main teaching areas are transport policy, planning, and mobilities incorporating sustainability, social justice and the health & wellbeing agenda.

I also teach research methods (mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative approaches) and oversee Master's students undertaking their Spatial Planning Dissertation.

Modules taught

Module leader:

PLAN7006 Research Methods (Masters)

PLAN7010 Dissertation (Masters)

PLAN6005 Research Methods (Undergraduate)

Contribute to:

PLAN7006 Spatial Planning in Action 

PLAN7008 Delivering Sustainable Futures 

URBD7013 Urban Design Dissertation

PLAN6011 Independent Study in Planning

PLAN6012 Urban Design and Planning Research Project

PLAN6013 Real Estate and Planning Research Project

Supervision

PhD/DPhil Supervision

Catherine Ross. Liminal light; liminal space: A visual investigation into liminality. (current)

Aline Moreira Fernandes Barata. Governance and healthy urban mobility in Brazil - investigating interactions between civil society and public authorities through the lens of hybrid micro-policies. (current)

Rachita Chauhan. Gender and healthy urban mobility in India - impact of gender roles and relations on women’s health and mobility set within a broader social, cultural, and technological framework. (current)

Daniela Gamper. Visitor Mobility in UNESCO World Heritage listed city centres: Understanding the influence of mobile technology and the implications for visitor management strategies. (current).

Iris Gust. Environmental Sustainability of Travel Behaviour of Families with Children in Outer London: A qualitative study using an everyday life perspective. Completed 2021.

Lucy Mahoney (DPhil, Oxon). Investigating the Interactions of Travel Behaviour and Wellbeing: A Longitudinal, Mixed-methods Case Study of Penarth and Cardiff, Wales. (Co-supervisor with Dr. Christian Brand, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, funded by EPSRC). Completed Trinity Term 2015

Andre Neves (DPhil, Oxon). The impact of new walking and cycling infrastructure on personal travel and carbon emissions: the case of Cardiff Connect2. (Co-supervisor with Dr. Christian Brand, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, funded by EPSRC). Completed Trinity Term 2015. 

Masters Supervision

MSc Spatial Planning - over 100 successful MSc dissertations since 2002.

MA Urban Design - over 50 successful MA dissertations since 2002.

Research group membership

Planning Policy and Government Group. School of the Built Environment 

Sustainable and Resilient Futures Network. Oxford Brookes University

Healthy Ageing and Care Network. Oxford Brookes University

Children and Young People Network. Oxford Brookes University

Research grants and awards

The effectiveness of co-designing wayfinding interventions to increase active travel for the school journey. 1 February 2021 - 31 May 2022. (Consultancy funded by Sport England/Oxfordshire County Council).

Post-pandemic Equitable and Sustainable Transport (PEST) project. 1 August 2020 - 31 July 2021. Oxford Brookes Research Excellence Award 2020-21.

Co-CAFÉ (Co-Creating Age Friendly Environments for Walking and Cycling). 1 Jan - 31 December 2019. Impact Accelerator.

ESRC Brazil-UK Healthy Urban Mobility. 1 February 2016 - 31 January 2019. ESRC Reference: ES/N01314X/1

EPSRC cycle BOOM (formerly 'Promoting Independent Cycling for Enhancing Later Life Experience and Social Synergy through Design [PrICELESS Design]). 1 October 2013 - 30 September 2016. EPSRC Reference: EP/K037242/1

Bicester Sustainable Transport Strategy (Consultancy funded by Alan Baxter Associates for Cherwell
District Council: £5K): 2013-2014.

Sustainable Accessibility of the Randstad Programme (SARS). (Research funded by The Netherlands
Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO): €30K). 1 May 2013 - 30 October 2013.

EPSRC Understanding Walking and Cycling. 1 October 2008 -  30 September 2011. EPSRC Reference: EP/G00045X/1

Understanding Everyday Mobilities (Oxford Brookes CRF 2010, value £2.5K).

Children’s Independent Mobility (Co-Investigator. Led by Policy Studies Institute, University of
Westminster) (Research funded by Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and the Rees Jeffreys Road Fund
£100K): 2009-2012.

Evaluation of Groundwork’s ‘Home to Hub’ Programme (Principal Investigator) (Consultancy funded
by Groundwork South East £12K): 2007-2008.

Sustrans Bike IT Programme Evaluation (Principal Investigator) (Consultancy funded by Sustrans UK:
£10K): 2007.

Oxford Brookes Bus User Survey (Principal Investigator) (Consultancy funded by Oxford Brookes
University: £10K): 2005.

Oxford Park and Ride study (Researcher. Led by Peter Headicar, Oxford Brookes University)
(Consultancy funded by Oxfordshire County Council, UK: £25K): 2004.

Travel Behaviour in New Residential Development in Oxford (Researcher. Led by Peter Headicar,
Oxford Brookes University). (Consultancy funded by Oxford City Council: £10K): 2003-4.

Research projects

• The effectiveness of co-designing wayfinding interventions to increase active travel for the school journey. An investigation on behalf of Oxfordshire County Council into the effectiveness of using wayfinding to increase active travel for the school journey at schools in a variety of spatial settings across Oxfordshire. 
• Post-pandemic Equitable and Sustainable Transport (PEST) project. The aim of the PEST project is to increase understanding of place-based policy and activity in relation to active travel in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic by investigating the response of English local planning and highway authorities to the UK government’s Emergency Active Travel Fund (EATF) and Cycling and Walking strategy.
• Co-CAFÉ (Co-Creating Age Friendly Environments for Walking and Cycling) This project aims to work with a wide range of local stakeholders in Oxford city and satellite peri-urban areas to co-create more harmonious environments for walking and cycling through the lens of WHO Age-Friendly Environments.
• Co-Creation funded under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement Part of an international team that aims to bring together different actors, such as researchers, policymakers, residents and artists, to ‘co-create’ understanding about different urban neighbourhoods and to address disadvantage. Specific area of interest and development is 'marginalised mobilities and stigma'.
• ESRC Healthy Urban Mobility  Principal Investigator on an international study (UK-BR) to understand the impact of everyday (im)mobility on health and wellbeing with a variety of social groups living in different neighbourhoods in Brazil and the UK, and also to explore the potential for participatory mobilities planning with local communities to support and develop solutions for healthy urban mobility. (Duration: January 2016-January 2019).
• EPSRC cycle BOOM Design for Lifelong Health and Wellbeing. Principal Investigator on a study to understand cycling among the older population in the UK and how this affects independence, health and wellbeing. The ultimate aim was to advise policy makers and practitioners how our environment and technologies could be designed to help people to continue to cycle in older age or to reconnect with cycling. (Duration: September 2013 - September 2016).
• Sustainable Accessibility of the Randstad (SAR): Co-Investigator with researchers at the University of Amsterdam and University of Groningen looking at the electric bicycle phenomenon and the implications for planning and sustainable mobility policy in the Netherlands and Europe. (Duration: 1 May to 30 October 2013).
• Independent Mobility as a Critical Aspect of Children's Development and Quality of Life: Co-investigator working in partnership with the Policy Studies Institute updating data from the pivotal study One False Move (Hillman, Adams & Whitelegg 1990) to provide a longitudinal comparison of changes in children’s independent mobility in England and Germany. The study is also developing collaborations with international partners to investigate the state of children’s independent mobility across the globe. (Duration: September 2009 – March 2012).
• Understanding Everyday Mobilities: Principal Investigator co-ordinating a study to investigate the everyday experience of commuters to Oxford Brookes University using mobile methods and focusing specifically on the social, cultural and psychological aspects of a seemingly mundane and routine practice. (Duration: January 2010- December 2010).
• Understanding Walking and Cycling (UWAC): Co-investigator on this EPSRC 3 year funded study which aims to develop a better understanding of the complex ways in which households and individuals make everyday travel decisions about short trips in urban areas. The research adopts a mixed methodology, but with the main emphasis on in-depth qualitative research of households in four different geographical locations in England (Duration: October 2009 – September 2011).
• Low Carbon, Low Energy Transport for Oxford: In partnership with colleagues in the School of Technology and also Social Sciences and Law, and external partners, working towards developing scenarios for electrification of transport infrastructure using the case of Oxford as part of the Department for Transport’s Plugged in Places programme. (Duration: November 2009 – October 2010).
• iConnect (Impact of COnstructing Non-motorised Networks and Evaluating Changes in Travel): Tim is working part of his time as a Research Fellow with the Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, on this 5 year EPSRC funded study. This aims to measure and evaluate the changes in travel, physical activity and carbon emissions related to Sustrans' Connect2 project and other physical interventions. (Duration: May 2009 – May 2013).

Research impact

REF21 Impact Case Summary submission titled: Co-Creating Age Friendly Cities for CyclingREF2021 (Unit of Assessment: 13, Architecture, Built Environment and Planning).

EPSRC cycle BOOM. Design for Lifelong Health and Wellbeing. WINNER of the Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) Award for Research Excellence 2017 (Academic Award).

Further information

PEST - Post-pandemic Equitable and Sustainable Transport

Co-CAFÉ Co-creating Age-Friendly Environments for Walking and Cycling

ESRC Healthy Urban Mobility

EPSRC cycle BOOM Design for Lifelong Health and Wellbeing.

Journal articles

• Jones T, Spencer B, Beale N, Leyland LA, van Reekum C , '“You can go out 14 miles away with the knowledge that you’ve got the battery to help you back if you need it!” Narratives of ranging behaviour and wellbeing in diaries of e-bike trial participants. '
  Active Travel Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal x (2021)
  ISSN: 2732-4184 eISSN: 2732-4184
  Abstract

  This paper draws on data from a large UK study that aimed to understand cycling among the older population and how this affected independence, health and wellbeing. Part of the study involved an ‘e-bike trial’ where participants aged 50 and over, who were returning to cycling after a hiatus, were loaned an e-bike for an eight-week trial period. Pre-trial and post-trial cognitive tests of trial participants, reported previously Leyland et al. (2019), demonstrated how e-bikes, provide positive benefits to cognitive function and wellbeing. The paper builds on these findings, drawing specifically on the qualitative component, predominantly biographical interviews, written and visual material provided in rider diaries and a focus group discussion, to understand the reasons for this positive impact.

  The findings demonstrate how power assistance can provide riders with the opportunity to extend the distance and types of area they are willing to cycle from their homes (their ‘ranging behaviour’) and how this can promote health and wellbeing. Our evidence suggests that e-bikes have the potential to support cycling for leisure as well as everyday travel and that consideration should be given to the positive effects of e-cycling on mental wellbeing in addition to physical activity. This is particularly pertinent in the context of an ageing society, the push towards zero-emission cities and the need to ensure socially inclusive mobility, particularly in the context of the Covid-19 global pandemic.

• Leyland L, Spencer B, Beale N, Jones T, van Reekum CM, 'The effect of cycling on cognitive function and well-being in older adults'
  PLoS ONE 14 (2) (2019)
  ISSN: 1932-6203
  Abstract

  It has been demonstrated that, on their own, both exercise and stimulation from the environment can improve cognitive function and well-being in older adults. The combined effect of exercising in the outdoor environment on psychological function is less well studied. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of an outdoor cycling intervention on cognitive function and mental health and well-being in older adults. A total of 100 older adults took part in the study (aged 50–83), 26 of which were non-cycling controls, 36 were conventional pedal cyclists and 38 were participants using an e-bike (a bike fitted with an electric motor to provide assistance with pedaling), as part of a larger project (www.cycleboom.org). Participants took part in the study for an eight-week period, with cycling participants required to cycle at least three times a week for thirty minutes in duration for each cycle ride. Cognitive function and well-being were measured before and after the intervention period. For executive function, namely inhibition (the Stroop task) and updating (Letter Updating Task), both cycling groups improved in accuracy after the intervention compared to non-cycling control participants. E-bike participants also improved in processing speed (reaction times in go trials of the Stop-It task) after the intervention compared to non-cycling control participants. Finally, e-bike participants improved in their mental health score after the intervention compared to non-cycling controls as measured by the SF-36. This suggests that there may be an impact of exercising in the environment on executive function and mental health. Importantly, we showed a similar (sometimes larger) effect for the e-bike group compared to the pedal cyclists. This suggests that it is not just the physical activity component of cycling that is having an influence. Both pedal cycles and e-bikes can enable increased physical activity and engagement with the outdoor environment with e-bikes potentially providing greater benefits.
  

  Website 
• Spencer B, Jones T, Leyland L, van Reekum C, Beale N, '"Instead of 'closing down' at our ages… we’re thinking of exciting and challenging things to do": Older people’s microadventures outdoors on (e-)bikes'
  Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 19 (2) (2019) pp.124-139
  ISSN: 1472-9679 eISSN: 1754-0402
  Abstract

  This paper explores how people aged 50 and over, who were returning to cycling as part of an eight-week health and wellbeing trial, created their own cycling microadventures. Applying a stage model of the process of adventure to qualitative data generated from personal diaries and focus groups, we examine how older people anticipated and prepared for their microadventures, the challenges and discoveries they experienced, the benefits they gained and how electrically assisted ‘e-bikes’ can provide further opportunities for adventure. We conclude that cycles are a mode uniquely placed to facilitate microadventures and that e-bikes, in particular, offer further potential to enable older people to (re-) connect with place and other people. But, while this type of activity can provide benefits in terms of health and wellbeing, we argue that more supportive physical and social infrastructure is required to provide opportunities for more people to undertake microadventures close to their homes.
  

  Website 
• Bird E, Panter J, Baker G, Jones T, Ogilvie D, 'Predicting walking and cycling behaviour change using an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour'
  Journal of Transport and Health 10 (2018) pp.11-27
  ISSN: 2214-1405 eISSN: 2214-1413
  Abstract
  Introduction: The psychological predictors of behaviour change may differ from the predictors of engaging in behaviour, and there is limited evidence on the associations between psychological constructs and changes in physical activity behaviours such as walking and cycling. This study of observational cohort data examined whether an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (eTPB) predicted change in walking and cycling for transport and recreation using a population-based sample of adults from three UK municipalities. Methods: We used baseline, 1-year and 2-year follow-up data from the XXXX study. Nine psychological constructs from the eTPB as well as weekly time spent (i) walking and (ii) cycling, each (i) for transport and (ii) for recreation, were self-reported at all time points. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between baseline eTPB constructs and (i) increases and (ii) decreases in the four behavioural outcomes, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. Results: 1796 and 1465 participants provided 1- and 2-year follow-up data. All eTPB constructs except subjective norms were associated with changes in at least one of the four outcomes, but these amounted to relatively few significant associations among the large number tested. In general, eTPB constructs were more often associated with increases than with decreases in time spent walking and cycling. Conclusions: This is one of the first known studies to examine psychological predictors of change in walking and cycling for transport and recreation using an extended TPB. Future interventions to promote walking and cycling through individually delivered approaches might consider fostering the development of positive attitudes, perceived behavioural control, intentions, and habits for these behaviours.
  Website 
• Adam L, Jones T, Brommelstroet M, 'Planning for Cycling in the Dispersed City : establishing a hierarchy of effectiveness of municipal cycling policies'
  Transportation 47 (2018) pp.503-527
  ISSN: 0049-4488 eISSN: 1572-9435
  Abstract Urban utility cycling is being promoted widely due to various health, social, economic and environmental benefits. This study seeks to identify and rank which municipal-level policies and other factors are most influential in increasing cycling as a means of everyday transport and improving the real and perceived cycling safety in car-oriented urban centres. This is achieved by identifying the key factors thought to influence cycle use and by establishing a hierarchy of effectiveness of municipal cycling policies. Data was collected through interviews with a panel of experts who also completed a Delphi study, a technique rarely used in cycling policy research, to collect and compare expert opinions to predict the outcomes of policies and external factors. Policies and external factors were scored in a theoretical policy framework according to their perceived relative influence on cycling levels and cycling safety. The results reinforce previous findings in the literature but allow for generalisation in car-oriented urban centres due to the breadth of factors evaluated. It was found that providing cycling infrastructure is perceived to be a prerequisite for inducing utility cycling mode share. External factors such as urban form, the relative attractiveness of cycling to travel by car and wider governmental policy were perceived to have a strong influence. The generation and maintenance of political and public support is also suggested to be critical success factor.Website 
• Pooley CG, Jones T, Chatterjee K, Spencer B, Jones H, 'Family formation and everyday travel in Britain since c1850'
  History of the Family 23 (2) (2018) pp.290-306
  ISSN: 1081-602X
  Abstract This paper focuses on the extent to which everyday travel behaviour in Britain changes in relation to family responsibilities, and examines how this has altered over the past century and a half. It is argued that prior to the mid-twentieth century changes in the family such as increased child care responsibilities barely influenced the modes of transport used for everyday travel, but that increasingly in the later twentieth century people have adjusted their travel behaviour during the family formation phases of their life. In particular parents of young children have become more car-dependent and less likely to walk or cycle. Data are drawn from two separate projects, one that collected travel life histories from the past half century as context for research on cycling in later life, and one that uses personal diaries to reveal everyday mobility strategies of people in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. We argue that the observed changes are due not only to increased access to a wide range of different transport forms, especially the motor car, but also to changes in societal perceptions of risk and norms of travel behaviour. In conclusion, it is suggested that more awareness of past travel behaviours could aid the development and implementation of more sustainable transport policies in the UK. Website 
• Jones T, Harms L, Heinen E, 'Motives, perceptions and experiences of electric bicycle owners and implications for health, wellbeing and mobility'
  Journal of Transport Geography 53 (May 2016) (2016) pp.41-49
  ISSN: 0966-6923
  Abstract The sale of electric bicycles (‘e-bikes’) is growing at a rapid rate across Europe. Whereas market data is available describing sales trends, there is limited understanding of the experience of early adopters of e-bike technology. This paper investigates the motives for e-bike purchase, rider experience and perceived impact on mobility, health and wellbeing through in-depth interviews with e-bike owners in the Netherlands and the UK.
   
  Findings revealed that the motive for purchasing e-bikes was often to allow maintenance of cycling against a backdrop of changing individual or household circumstances. E-bikes also provided new opportunities for people who would not otherwise consider conventional cycling. Perceptions of travel behaviour change revealed that e-biking was replacing conventional cycling but was also replacing journeys that would have been made by car. There was also a perception that e-biking has increased, or at least allowed participants to maintain, some form of physical activity and had benefitted personal wellbeing. Technological, social and environmental barriers to e-biking were identified. These included weight of bicycle, battery life, purchase price, social stigma and limitations of cycle infrastructure provision.
   
  Additional research is necessary to quantify actual levels of mode substitution and new
  journey generation among new e-bike owners and the impact of e-biking on promoting
  physical health and mental wellbeing.
  Website 
• Sahlqvist S, Goodman A, Jones T, Powell J, Song Y, Ogilvie D, 'Mechanisms underpinning use of new walking and cycling infrastructure in different contexts: mixed-method analysis'
  International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 12 (2015)
  ISSN: 1479-5868
  Abstract

  Background.

  Few studies have evaluated the effects of infrastructural improvements to promote walking and cycling. Even fewer have explored how the context and mechanisms of such interventions may interact to produce their outcomes.

  Methods.

  This mixed-method analysis forms part of the UK iConnect study, which aims to evaluate new walking and cycling routes at three sites — Cardiff, Kenilworth and Southampton. Applying a complementary follow-up approach, we first identified differences in awareness and patterns of use of the infrastructure in survey data from a cohort of adult residents at baseline in spring 2010 (n = 3516) and again one (n = 1849) and two (n = 1510) years later following completion of the infrastructural projects (Analysis 1). We subsequently analysed data from 17 semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand how the new schemes might influence walking and cycling (Analysis 2a). In parallel, we analysed cohort survey data on environmental perceptions (Analysis 2b). We integrated these two datasets to interpret differences across the sites consistent with a theoretical framework that hypothesised that the schemes would improve connectivity and the social environment.

  Results.

  After two years, 52% of Cardiff respondents reported using the infrastructure compared with 37% in Kenilworth and 22% in Southampton. Patterns of use did not vary substantially between sites. 17% reported using the new infrastructure for transport, compared with 39% for recreation. Environmental perceptions at baseline were generally unfavourable, with the greatest improvements in Cardiff. Qualitative data revealed that all schemes had a recreational focus to varying extents, that the visibility of schemes to local people might be an important mechanism driving use and that the scale and design of the schemes and the contrast they presented with existing infrastructure may have influenced their use.

  Conclusions.

  The dominance of recreational uses may have reflected the specific local goals of some of the projects and the discontinuity of the new infrastructure from a satisfactory network of feeder routes. Greater use in Cardiff may have been driven by the mechanisms of greater visibility and superior design features within the context of an existing environment that was conducive neither to walking or cycling nor to car travel.
  

  Website 
• Jones T D, Pooley C G, Horton D, Scheldeman G, Mullen C, Tight M, '‘You feel unusual walking’: the invisible presence of walking in four English cities'
  Journal of Transport and Health 1 (4) (2014) pp.260-266
  ISSN: 2214-1405 eISSN: 2214-1413
  Abstract
  Walking is widely recognised as good for health and for the environment, yet many short journeys in urban areas continue to be undertaken by car. This paper draws on research from a large multimethod  project to analyse the factors that limit walking for everyday travel. It is argued that although most people see walking in a positive light, and almost everyone walks on some occasions, as an activity it remains barely visible within society, and is rarely recognised in the planning of urban infrastructure. Our research shows that under current urban conditions constraints imposed by family and life-style factors, perceptions of safety and convenience, and expectations about what means of everyday travel are normal severely restrict levels of walking for many people. We argue that while low levels of walking for particular purposes, especially leisure and health, are common and expected, walking is rarely seen as a visible or viable form of everyday transport. To step outside of these norms of expectation by walking more is constructed as unusual behaviour, and the fact that a substantial amount of walking does take place on urban streets is barely acknowledged. We argue that there is need to recognise fully the walking that exists, and to plan more effectively to accommodate pedestrians so that walking is perceived as an expected way of moving around urban areas.
  Website 
• Jones T, 'Policies for promoting walking and cycling in England: a view from the street'
  Transport Policy 27 (May) (2013) pp.66-72
  ISSN: 0967-070X
  Abstract Transport policies to increase active and sustainable travel in Britain have focused mainly on persuading people of the health benefits of walking and cycling for short trips, and have assumed that if people can be persuaded that more active travel has personal benefits then behavioural change will follow. Research reported in this paper, based mainly on detailed qualitative research in four English towns, argues that the complexities and contingencies that most people encounter in everyday life often make such behavioural change difficult. Attention is focused on three sets of factors: perceptions of risk; constraints created by family and household responsibilities; and perceptions of normality. It is suggested that unless such factors are tackled directly then policies to increase levels of walking and cycling will have limited success. In particular, it is argued that there needs to be a much more integrated approach to transport policy that combines interventions to make walking and (especially) cycling as risk-free as possible with restrictions on car use and attitudinal shifts in the ways in which motorists view other road users. Such policies also need to be linked to wider social and economic change which, in combination, creates an environment in which walking or cycling for short trips in urban areas is perceived as the logical and normal means of travel and using the car is viewed as exceptional.Website 
• Jones T, Novo De Azevedo L, 'Economic, social and cultural transformation and the role of the bicycle in Brazil'
  Journal of Transport Geography 30 (June 2013) (2013) pp.208-219
  ISSN: 0966-6923
  Abstract This paper reviews the current socio-cultural and political state of cycling in Brazil and the policies and activities over recent years that have aimed to reverse its marginalisation. In particular it focuses on the city of Pelotas in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul and the significant societal and material transformations that are causing conflict and dissonance in relation to the future role of cycling on city streets. Using a combination of empirical evidence from existing literature; a focus group with members of the cycling stakeholder forum; interviews with planning officials whilst observing cycle infrastructure; interviews with participants whilst taking part in a ‘protest' bicycle ride (bicicletada); and on street intercept interviews with cycle commuters, this paper highlights the tensions, conflicts, aspirations and imaginaries of a city grappling with significant growth and urban transformation.Website 
• Jones T, Pooley C, Scheldeman G, Horton D, Tight M, Mullen C, Jopson A, Whiteing A, 'Moving around the city: discourses on walking and cycling in English urban areas.'
  Environment and Planning A 44 (6) (2012) pp.1407-1424
  ISSN: 0308-518X
  Abstract

  There remains only limited understanding of perceptions of travel behaviour in relation to short journeys in urban areas, and in particular, the perceived role that walking and cycling for personal travel can realistically play in contemporary society. This paper reveals discourses surrounding the practice, performance, identity, conflicts and visions relating to walking and cycling in English cities. These were derived from a large-scale study that utilized a comprehensive mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Q Methodology was used as an additional tool to investigate subjectivities on walking and cycling in the city in a structured interpretable format and it is this approach that is the focus of this paper. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications of these discourses for policy makers interested in encouraging a shift from car use to walking and cycling for short journeys in urban areas.

  Website 
• Jones T, 'Getting the British back on bicycles: The effects of urban traffic-free paths on everyday cycling'
  Transport Policy 20 (2012) pp.138-149
  ISSN: 0967-070X
  Abstract The UK National Cycle Network (NCN) developed by the transport organisation, Sustrans, is a significant policy intervention aimed at encouraging cycling. Around half of the population is purported to live within one mile of the 20,000 km Network. Traffic-free paths (separated from the public highway away from motor traffic) form about one third of the Network but account for around 80% of trips. The importance of NCN urban traffic-free paths in encouraging people to cycle is often assumed but despite large aggregate datasets characterising users, there is no research on the effects on the local communities which they serve. This paper presents research which aimed to identify the contribution of a typical section of NCN urban traffic-free path in encouraging cycling for everyday travel amongst a community living adjacent to this type of intervention. First, the paper outlines the characteristics of the NCN, the philosophy behind the development of urban traffic-free paths and the barriers to cycling which such interventions seek to overcome. Then findings of a controlled cross-sectional survey of two neighbourhoods in a medium size town in the English Midlands (which are demographically similar except that one is located adjacent to a section of NCN urban traffic-free cycle path intervention) are discussed. In conclusion the paper reveals that provision of NCN urban traffic-free cycle paths alone may be insufficient in encouraging a shift from car to cycling for everyday travel purposes. The data from the study corroborates evidence that suggests that a wider co-ordinated multi-faceted approach to promoting cycling is required which combines social marketing with physical measures including; wider speed restrictions in urban areas, investment in high quality segregated cycle facilities on major roads, and general land use and transport policies that"advantage cycling" and reduce the convenience of the car.Website 
• Ogilvie D, Bull F, Cooper A, Rutter H, Adams E, Brand C, Ghali K, Jones T, Mutrie N, Powell J, Preston J, Sahlqvist S, Song S., 'Evaluating the travel, physical activity and carbon impacts of a 'natural experiment' in the provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure: methods for the core module of the iConnect study.'
  BMJ Open 2 (2012)
  ISSN: 2044-6055
  Website 
• Pooley C, Horton D, Scheldeman G, Tight M, Jones T, Chisholm A, Harwatt H, Jopson A, 'Household decision-making for everyday travel: a case study of walking and cycling in Lancaster (UK)'
  Journal of Transport Geography 19 (6) (2011) pp.1601-1607
  ISSN: 0966-6923
  Abstract

  Increased walking and cycling for short journeys in urban areas has many obvious advantages yet so far gains from the promotion of more sustainable travel of this type are mostly small. This paper reports on a large research project which uses a mixed method approach to explore attitudes to and perceptions of walking and cycling, and which examines the process of household decision-making for everyday travel and the constraints that this imposes. Using survey, interview and ethnographic data it is argued that many people hold ambiguous and sometimes contradictory views of walking and cycling as effective means of everyday travel, that what they do rarely matches precisely what they believe, and that the complexity and contingency associated with everyday travel for many households is a major barrier to the use of more sustainable travel modes. It is suggested that better understanding of these processes could help to inform both future transport policy and the promotion of walking and cycling for short trips in urban areas.

  Website 

Book chapters

• Jones T, 'Section 5: Sport Cycling, Health and Lifestyles: Introduction by Tim Jones' in NORCLIFFE, Glen (Editor) (ed.), The Companion To Cycling, Routledge (2021)
  Abstract

  Sport, health and lifestyles are the connected themes developed in section five, edited by
  Tim Jones. A paired contrast is found in the opening chapters on amateur and professional road
  cycling, the latter being organized to resemble an industry, the former attracting many
  enthusiastic amateurs dressed to look like professionals. A vignette on the experience of riding
  in the peloton in professional road racing links these two opening chapters. Cycling in two other
  settings follow: off-road cycling in various forms – mountain bikes, gravel riding, cyclocross and
  several more; and track racing (with a vignette on keirin races). Health, injuries and (one hopes)
  recoveries are considered next, these being prominent themes in a world where life spans of the
  most sedentary citizens are starting to decline. The closing chapter of this section treats the
  sensitive issue of doping.
  

• Jones T, 'Chapter 26: MAMIL: Amateur sports cycling' in NORCLIFFE, Glen (ed.), The Companion To Cycling, Routledge (2021)
  Abstract

  This chapter explores the rise of the growth and popularity of amateur sports cycling among ‘Middle-Aged-Men-in-Lycra’, the so-called ‘MAMIL’. It explores the reasons for the upsurge of interest and engagement in amateur sports road cycling across the Anglosphere (and beyond), and the changing nature of the sport in terms of participation and representation. Meanings associated with its practice are excavated using first-hand accounts from interviews with self-confessed MAMILs. The chapter concludes with a reflection on what this might mean for the future of amateur cycling, particularly social relations, and for health and transport.

• Jones T, Spencer B, 'City Cycling Spaces for Welcoming and Engaging All Ages' in Kaplan, M Thang, L L Sánchez, M Hoffman, J (ed.), Intergenerational Contact Zones Place-based Strategies for Promoting Social Inclusion and Belonging, Routledge (2020)
  ISBN: 9780367189020 eISBN: 9780429199097
  Abstract

  This chapter reviews ways in which cycling spaces can be designed to provide family oriented, community-building, social and physical activity as well as an additional mode of transportation. It argues that, for these designs to be realized, there first needs to be understanding and agreement among decision makers and stakeholders that city space is more than just mobility space and that a more sophisticated approach is needed to think about how current mobility space is utilized. This includes considering how such spaces could better function to promote generational inclusion and social belonging.
  

  Website 
• Jones T, Chatterjee K, Spencer B, Jones H, 'Cycling beyond your sixties: The role of cycling in later life and how it can be supported and promoted' in Musselwhite, C. (ed.), Transport, travel and later life, Emerald (2017)
  ISBN: 978-1-78714-624-2 eISBN: 978-1-78714-623-5
  Website 
• Jones T, 'The Velomobile Turn' in Malene Freudendal-Pedersen, Katrine Hartmann-Petersen, Emmy Laura Perez Fjalland (ed.), Experiencing networked urban mobilities. practices, flows, methods. Vol. 2, Routledge (2017)
  ISBN: 9781138712317 eISBN: 9781351778510
  Abstract This chapter highlights how the ‘velomobilities turn’ (Horton et al. 2007) has paralleled the general mobilities turn (Sheller and Urry 2006) and how this inspired my personal journey in this rapidly evolving field and helped me to reflect on my approach to understanding cycling in society. First, I look back at the key turning point for researchers of cycling and how this has more recently become enmeshed within broader mobilities research that the Cosmobilities Network represents. Following this I will highlight two examples of studies that were inspired by the mobilities turn and enabled my research colleagues and I to think differently about velomobility, to conjoin quantitative and qualitative approaches, and to provide empirically grounded accounts of contemporary cycling the UK.
• Jones T, Spencer B, 'Can Urban Streets and Spaces be Intergenerational Cycling Zones' in Kaplan M, Thang LL, Sanchez M, Hoffman J (ed.), Intergenerational Contact Zones - A Compendium of Applications, University Park, PA: Penn State Extension (2016)
  Abstract There is a general consensus among European Ministers that cycling should be promoted as healthy and sustainable mobility (Presidency of the Council of the European Union, 2015). The major trend over the last half-century across many countries in Europe, however, has been towards a decline in cycling for everyday local transport.
   
  We describe how the concept of Intergenerational Cycling Zones could help engage younger and older generations to work together to develop more civilized, harmonious and inclusive cycling environments that enable cyclists of all ages and abilities to use bicycles with ease and to interact with each other positively. Finally we discuss potential facets of Intergenerational Cycling Zones and the challenges to their acceptance within the UK context.
  Website 
• Jones T D, 'Bicycle Commuting (Behavior and Research)' in Encyclopedia of Transportation, SAGE (2014)
  ISBN: 978-1-4522-6779-1 eISBN: 978-1-4833-4652-6
  
• Jones T, Horton D, Mullen C, Pooley C, Scheldeman G, Strano E, Tight M, 'The Role of Street Network Connectivity and Access to Everyday Facilities in Shaping Everyday Walking and Cycling in English Cities' in Strategies for Sustainable Mobilities: Opportunities and Challenges, Ashgate (2013)
  ISBN: 978-1-4094-5489-2
  
• Pooley CG, Horton D, Scheldeman G, Tight M, Harwatt H, Jopson A, Jones T, Chisholm A, Mullen C, 'The role of walking and cycling in reducing the impacts of climate change' in Transport and Climate Change, Emerald (2012)
  ISBN: 978-1-78052-440-5
  Abstract Purpose - To examine the potential for switching short trips in urban areas from cars to walking and cycling, and the possible contribution, this could make to a reduction in transport-related greenhouse gas emissions. Methods - Case studies in four urban areas combining a questionnaire survey, interviews with households and during journeys and in-depth ethnographies of everyday travel. Findings - The barriers to an increase in walking and cycling in British urban areas are emphasised. It demonstrates that motivations for walking and cycling are mostly personal (health and local environment) and that the complexities and contingencies of everyday travel for many households, combined with inadequate infrastructure, safety concerns and the fact that walking and cycling are seen by many as abnormal modes of travel, mean that increasing rates of walking and cycling will be hard. Given that the contribution of trips less than 2 miles to transport-related greenhouse gas emissions is relatively small, it is argued that any gains from increased walking and cycling would mostly accrue to personal health and the local environment rather than to the UK's carbon reduction target. Social implications - Positive attitudes towards walking and cycling are motivated mainly by personal concerns rather than global environmental issues. Originality - Use of detailed ethnographic material in policy-related transport research.Website 
• Parkin J, Ryley T, Jones T, 'Barriers to Cycling: An Exploration of Quantitative Analyses' in Horton D, Rosen P, Cox P (ed.), Cycling and Society, Ashgate (2007)
  ISBN: 9780754648444 eISBN: 9781315575735
  

Reviews

• Jones T, review of Parkin, J. Cycling and Sustainability, (2013) Transport Reviews: A Transnational Transdisciplinary Journal 33 (2), Routledge, London., in Transport Reviews (2013) ISSN: 0144-1647 eISSN: 1464-5327
  Website 
• Jones T, review of Routes, Roads and Landscapes, in Journal of Transport Geography 26 (2012) pp.176-177ISSN: 0966-6923
  Website 
• Jones T, review of The Cultures of Alternative Mobilities: Routes less travelled, in Transport Reviews 31 (3) (2011) pp.419-419ISSN: 0144-1647 eISSN: 1464-5327
  Website 
• Jones T, review of After The Car, in Journal of Transport Geography 17 (6) (2009) pp.512-513ISSN: 0966-6923
  Website 

Other publications

• Jones, T. Günther, H. Brownill, S. Keivani, R. Neto, I.L. d’Orsi, E. Spencer, B. Vargas, J. & Watson, G., 'Healthy Urban Mobility: Summary of Key Findings and Recommendations'
  (2019) Abstract

  The Healthy Urban Mobility (HUM) project was a study to understand the impact of everyday (im)mobility on health and wellbeing with a variety of social groups living in different neighbourhoods in Brazil and the UK, and also to explore the potential for participatory mobilities planning with local communities to support and develop solutions for healthy urban mobility.
  

  Website 
• Jones T, Chatterjee K, Spinney J, Street E, Van Reekum C, Spencer B, Jones H, Leyland LA, Mann C, Williams S, Beale N, 'cycle BOOM : Design for Lifelong Health and Wellbeing : Summary of Key Findings and Recommendations'
  (2016) Abstract https://www.cycleboom.org/summary-report/Website 
• Shaw B, Frauendienst B, Redecker A, Jones T, Hillman M, 'Children's independent mobility: a comparative study in England and Germany (1971-2010)'
  (2013) ISBN: 9780853748526
  
• Pooley C, Tight M, Jones T, Horton D, Scheldeman G, Jopson A, Mullen C, Chisholm A, 'Understanding walking and cycling: summary of key findings and recommendations'
  (2011) Abstract It is widely recognized that there is a need to increase levels of active and sustainable travel in British urban areas. The Understanding Walking and Cycling (UWAC) project, funded by the EPSRC, has examined the factors influencing everyday travel decisions and proposes a series of policy measures to increase levels of walking and cycling for short trips in urban areas. A wide range of both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in four English towns (Lancaster, Leeds, Leicester and Worcester), including a questionnaire survey, spatial analysis of the built environment, interviews (static and whilst mobile) and detailed ethnographies. Key findings of the research are that whilst attitudes to walking and cycling are mostly positive or neutral, many people who would like to engage in more active travel fail to do so due to a combination of factors. These can be summarised as: Concerns about the physical environment, especially with regard to safety when walking or cycling; The difficulty of fitting walking and cycling into complex household routines (especially with young children); The perception that walking and cycling are in some ways abnormal things to do. It is suggested that policies to increase levels of walking and cycling should focus not only on improving infrastructure (for instance through fully segregated cycle routes along main roads and restriction on vehicle speeds), but also must tackle broader social, economic, cultural and legal factors that currently inhibit walking and cycling. Together, such changes can create an environment in which driving for short trips in urban areas is seen as abnormal and walking or cycling seem the obvious choices. A joint project by by Lancaster University, Oxford Brookes University and the University of Leeds.
• Jones T, 'Parental Attitudes Towards Child Cycling Mobility for the Journey to School'
  (2007)
• Jones T, 'Oxford Brookes University Brookes Bus User Survey'
  (2005)
• Jones T, Headicar, P, 'Oxford Park and Ride User Survey'
  (2004)
• Headicar P, Jones T, Bixby B, Coleman C, Kings J, 'The Treatment of Rural Issues in Local Transport Plans'
  (2002)

Membership of professional bodies

Oxfordshire Local Transport and Connectivity Plan (LTCP) Steering Group. Member (2019-2020)

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Expert Adviser(March 2018 - March 2021)

Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF). Peer Review Group member since 2017.

Conferences

Jones, T. (2021) Investigating English local authority response to the UK government’s Emergency Active Travel Fund (EATF). Joint Workshop of the World Conference on Transport Special Interest Group - Impact of COVID-19 on transport and spatial development: an international perspective. 11 March 2021 (online).

Neto, I. Günther, H. Jones, T. Brownill, S. Keivani, R. d’Orsi, E. Spencer, B. Vargas, J. & Watson, G. et al. (2019) UK/Brazil Healthy Urban Mobility: Final Conference of Key Findings and Recommendations. 19 June 2019, CEFOR, Brasilia.

Jones, T. Günther, H. Brownill, S. Keivani, R. d’Orsi, E. Spencer, B. Vargas, J. & Watson, G. et al. (2019) UK/Brazil Healthy Urban Mobility: Final Conference of Key Findings and Recommendations. 12 June 2019, Asmolean Museum, Oxford.

Jones, T. Vargas, J. Barata, A. Chauhan, R. Cycling in the Global South | Discourse and Dissonance.
Special Session: Livability and Non-Motorized Transport. 15th World Conference on Transport Research, 26-31 May 2019, Mumbai. 

Vargas, J. Jones, T. & Spencer, B. The Politics of the Neighbourhood: perspectives from Latin America and beyond. A workshop hosted by the City Centre, Queen Mary University of London with Latin American Geographies UK (LAG-UK),16 October 2018, Queen Mary Univeersity of London. 

Jones, T. & Spencer, B. (2018). Staging Healthy Urban Mobility. Presented at C-MUS 2018 Conference: (em)Powering Mobilities.29-30 August 2018, University of Aalborg, Denmark.

Jones, T. & Spencer, B. (2018). Walking and cycling for health and wellbeing. The therapeutic potential. Presented at Active Living Research Conference. 11-14 February, Banff, Canada.

Jones, T. & Spencer, B. (2018). A Tale of Two Cities: Moving around edge estates in Oxford. Presented at Health: The Design, Planning and Politics of How and Where we Live WHO/AMPS Conference, 25-26 January 2018, UWE Bristol. 

Bird, E.L., Panter, J., Baker, G., Jones, T., & Ogilvie, D. (2017). Predicting walking and cycling behaviour change using an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. Paper presented at the 8th Conference of HEPA Europe, 15th-17th November 2017, Zagreb, Croatia.

UK-Brazil Healthy Urban Mobility: Initial Insights. Presented at School of the Built Environment Seminar Series. 7 November 2017, Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University.

The role of electric cycles in the healthy city. Presented at Healthy City Design 2017. Unleashing Health by Design: Creating a Culture of Wellness in our Cities. Royal College of Physicians, 16–17 October 2017, London, UK.

Electrifying Wellbeing: the cycle BOOM study and the potential role of electric bicycles in promoting public health | Presented at Planning for Better Health and Wellbeing hosted by Public Health Network Cymru | 30 November 2016 | Cardiff.

cycle BOOM Summary of Key Findings & Recommendations Presented at the Final Project Conference | Keyworth Centre | London South Bank University | 26 September 2016 & Central Library | Manchester | 28 September 2016

The Potential of E-Bikes in Smart Urban Transport Futures Presented at the 3rd Workshop on Sustainable Urban Transport Futures | 28 June 2016 | University of Greenwich [Prezi presentation]

Riding in the Margins: The Contemporary Condition of Cycling as Urban Mobility Presented at The Sociology of Contemporary Urban Life Seminar | 17 June 2016 | University of York

Lifeworld of the Mamils: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of motives, experiences, and aspirations of emergent sports cyclists. Presented at the session: Approaching Everyday Sport: socio-cultural geographic perspectives on sports, exercise and fitness. Royal Geographical Society Annual International Conference, 1-4 September 2015. University of Exeter.

Understanding How the Built and Social Environment Shapes Willingness and Ability to Cycle in Later Life Presented at 1^st International Transport and Health Conference | 6-8 July 2015 | UCL, London [Download 1,585KB PDF]

Velo-mobile atmospheres: capturing and representing the multi-sensual cycling experience Presented at Atmospheres | 1-2 July 2015 | Morgan Centre, Manchester [Download 2,298KB PDF]

Velo-mobility and an Ageing society: The UK cycle BOOM study Presented at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Transport and Health Seminar Series | 28 April 2015 | London [Download 943KB PDF]

Cycling in an Ageing Society: A Critical Mobilities Perspective Presented at the TSU Oxford Seminar | 26 November 2014 | Oxford University [Prezi presentation]

Cycling in an Ageing Society: A Critical Mobilities Perspective [Keynote by Dr. Tim Jones] Presented at the Nationaal Fietscongress | 20 November 2014 | Zwolle, The Netherlands [Prezi presentation]

A Cycling Future for Ageing Populations Presented at the 10th Anniversary Cosmobilities Conference: Networked Urban Mobilities | 5 – 7 November 2014 | Copenhagen [Prezi presentation]

Space for oldies? Ageing society, older people and the UK ‘cycle boom’ Presented at the Cycling and Society Annual Symposium 2014 | 8 September 2014 | Newcastle [Download 1,408KB PDF]

Approaches to re-allocating road space for walking and cycling: what needs to happen? Cycling and Walking: Infrastructure that Works. LANDOR LINKS Conference, 13 November 2013, KIA Oval, London.

Voice of the Mamils: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of motives, experiences and aspirations of new sports cyclists. Presented at 10th Cycling and Society Symposium, Llangollen, Wales 9th-10th September, 2013.

Household Decision Making for Everyday Travel: The case of cycling Shifting Gears: Making cycling a policy priority for health and sustainability, 2 July 2013, University of the West of England.

The Challenges of Understanding Walking and Cycling in English Cities Making Mixed Methods Work in Transport Research Workshop, organised by EPSRC Disruption project and Travel Behaviours Network, 20 June 2013, Leeds.

Economic, Social and Cultural Transformation and the Role of the Bicycle in Brazil. 6 June 2013, City Hall, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Sahlqvist, S., Jones, T., Song, Y., Goodman, A., Bull, F., Powell, J., & Ogilvie, D. Evaluating new infrastructure for walking and cycling: understanding the how and why? Presented at the International Society of Behavioural nutrition and Physical Activity annual meeting; Ghent, Belgium; 22-25th May, 2013. Symposium.

Economic, social and cultural transformation and the role of the bicycle in Brazil. 9th Cycling and Society Research Group Symposium, 3-4th September 2012, University of East London.

Smith, L., Sahlqvist, S., Jones, T, Cooper, A., & Ogilvie, D. 2012. Is Independent mobility associated with mode of travel to or from school in high school students? Oral Presentation at the 2012 meeting of the International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Austin, Texas.

The application of an extended theory of planned behaviour to understand cycling intentions: The UK iConnect study. 5th International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology. August 29-31st 2012, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Moving around the city: the future role of walking and cycling.Future Urban Mobility Seminar Series. 15th November 2011, Oxford Brookes University.

Understanding the Relationship Between Urban Form and Walking and Cycling. Approach to measuring built environment – analysis and conclusions. Presentation at EPSRC Understanding Walking and Cycling, 8th September, London and 13th September 2011, Lancaster.

Mobile Interviews Cycling: the experience of walking and cycling in British urban areas. Presentation at EPSRC Understanding Walking and Cycling final conferences, 8th September, London and 13th September 2011, Lancaster.

Understanding Everyday Walking and Cycling in Cities: Identities, Practices, Experiences and Visions. 27th Annual Q Methodology Conference 7th - 9th September 2011, University of Birmingham.

Understanding everyday cycling in cities: identities, practices, experiences and visions, 8th Cycling and Society Research Group Symposium , 5th September 2011, Glasgow School of Art.

Understanding Walking and Cycling (UWAC): Key results and policy implicationsRGS-IBG Annual International Conference 31st August - 2nd September 2011, RGS London.

Understanding the Relationship Between Urban Form and Walking and Cycling, RGS-IBG Annual International Conference 31st August - 2nd September 2011, RGS London.

Analysis of Social Psychological Measures for the iConnect Baseline Survey,iConnect National Seminar, 14th July 2011, Girton College, University of Cambridge.

The contribution of urban form in encouraging everyday walking and cycling in English cities.Mobil-TUM Conference, Making Sustainable Mobilities - Interdisciplinary Perspectives, April 7th - 8th 2011, Munich.

Shaw, B., Watson, B. & Jones, T. 'A poverty of mobility? Children's Independent Mobility in England and Germany 2010 compared with 1990 and 1971' Child in the City 5th International Conference. 27th - 29th October 2010, Florence.

Pooley, C., Jones, T. et al. 'Can increased walking and cycling really contribute to the reduction of transport-related carbon emissions?' Royal Geographical Society-Institute of British Geographers Annual International Conference 1st - 3rd September 2010, London.

Understanding Walking and Cycling: Interim Findings from a Multi-Method Approach to Investigate Household Decision Making in Relation to Short Journeys in Urban Areas.World Conference on Transport Research, Lisbon, 11th - 15th July 2010.

Effects of Urban Traffic-free Paths on Everyday Cycling. World Conference on Transport Research, Lisbon, 11th - 15th July 2010.

The Role of Urban Traffic-Free Paths in Getting People on Bicycles. Paper presented as part of Sustainable Transitions, Culture and Values theme at Royal Geographical Society-Institute of British Geographers Annual Conference. 26th - 28th August 2009, Manchester.

Understanding Walking and Cycling: A Multi-Method Approach to Investigating Household Decision Making in Relation to Short Journeys in Urban Areas. Paper presented at Cycling and Society Research Group Symposium, University of Bolton, 7th September 2009.

From Mud to Macadam - The impact of recreational cycling on utility cycling in the UK.Velo-City International Conference, September 2003, Paris.

Other experience

Transport consultancy

Environmental/Urban regeneration agency

Further information

www.cycleboom.org

@cycle_BOOM

www.hum-mus.org

www.co-cafe.org

@co-cafe

www.pest-project.org